A.7 Barbiturates
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چکیده
The term 'barbiturate' refers to drugs which are derivatives of barbituric acid (malonylurea). Barbituric acid itself has no significant psychotropic properties, but its derivatives may have a variety of effects on the central nervous system. Certain of those compounds with significant depressant or sedative-hypnotic properties are of primary importance in medical and nonmedical use. Many of the short-term subjective effects of the barbiturates are remarkably similar to those of alcohol.
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A gas-chromatographic method for separating and measuring barbiturates and glutethimide in blood.
A gas-chromatographic method is described for the quantitative deter. mination of 11 barbiturates and glutethimide in blood. The extracted barbiturates are methylated and injected into a 7% DC-200 column. Use of methohexital as the internal standard, as well as the addition of standards to a drug-free sample of blood, compensates for losses and for differences in the distribution coefficient of...
متن کاملMechanism of action of barbiturates.
Despite the widespread use of barbiturates and their clear potential for abuse, little is known of their neurochemical mechanisms of action. Our purpose is to review the neurochemical effects of acute and chronic barbiturate administration, with particular emphasis on the relationship between neurochemical changes and the development of tolerance and dependence. The electrophysiological effects...
متن کاملThe influence of barbiturates on coumarin plasma levels and prothrombin response.
Wide individual variations in response to drugs is a common clinical problem, and is especially evident with coumarin anticoagulant therapy (1-3). A possible contributing factor to such variations could be the influence of another presumably unrelated drug upon the response to the coumarin anticoagulant. Reports from several laboratories (4-7) indicate that barbiturates can reduce the prothromb...
متن کاملEmergency screening of urine, plasma, or gastric contents for barbiturates.
THERE IS AN EVER-increasing need for a rapid method of screening for barbiturates in the laboratory. Although the ultraviolet methods (1, ) are the most accurate, they require 0.5 to 2 h of technician time and therefore are hardly ideal for emergency-room use. Some methods have been published which depend on the complexing reaction of barbiturates in an organic solvent with a mercury salt in an...
متن کاملBarbiturate-induced alterations in the kinetic parameters of slow outward current in Aplysia giant neurons.
Regulation of spike frequency adaptation has been postulated to be a neuronal mechanism of action of the barbiturates (Zbicz and Wilson, 1981). A barbiturate sensitive slow outward current is present in Aplysia giant neurons, and this current is very effective at regulating adaptation. In the current study a quantitative method of determining the effect of barbiturates was developed using a sin...
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